03.NU Research and Innovation System
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Item Metadata only A new step in the development of Zn/LiFePO4 aqueous battery(2017-01-01) Molkenova, A.; Belgibayeva, A.; Ibrayeva, D.; Sultanov, M.; Zhumagali, S.; Akhmetova, N.; Hara, T.; Bakenov, Z.; A., MolkenovaAbstract In recent years, aqueous batteries have gained much attention due to their low production cost and exceptional safety compared to commercial Li-ion battery systems. Three-dimensional (3D) structure could be promising to enhance these batteries energy capacity. In this work, the electrochemical performance of 3D Zn electrode, developed for aqueous rechargeable Zn/LiFePO4 (Zn/LFP) battery system, was studied. Formation of uniformly coated Zn metal on the three-dimensionally organized carbon fibers was verified by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The electrochemical performance of the battery with this anode was tested for over 50 cycles, where the initial capacity decayed by 11%. Further, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO) polymer coatings were extensively investigated as a potential separator for the 3D aqueous battery system. Cyclability of PMMA-coated Zn anode was better than that of “plane” Zn; however, the initial capacity of 3D Zn anode was lower than that for the counterpart system.Item Open Access A Personal View on a Zero Carbon Future(International Scientific and University Conference. "Climate Change and CO2 Emission Reduction" 12-13 July, 2017, 2017-07-12) Winter, AxelItem Open Access Accelerated Parameter Estimation with DALE X(NURIS; Energetic Cosmos Laboratory, 2017-05-08) Daniel, Scott F.; Linder, Eric V.We consider methods for improving the estimation of constraints on a high-dimensional parameter space with a computationally expensive likelihood function. In such cases Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) can take a long time to converge and concentrates on finding the maxima rather than the often-desired confidence con-tours for accurate error estimation. We employ DALEχ(Direct Analysis of Limits via the Exterior ofχ2) for determining confidence contours by minimizing a cost function parametrized to incentivize points in parameter space which are both on the confidence limit and far from previously sampled points. We compare DALEχ to the nested sampling algorithm implemented in MultiNest on a toy likelihood function that is highly non-Gaussian and non-linear in the mapping between parameter values and χ2. We find that in high-dimensional cases DALEχfinds the same confidence limit as Multi-Nest using roughly an order of magnitude fewer evaluations of the likelihood function.DALE χ is open-source and available athttps://github.com/danielsf/Dalex.git.Item Open Access Accelerated Parameter Estimation with DALEX(International conference "ECL17: Exploring the Energetic Universe 2017", Nazarbayev University Energetic Cosmic Laboratory, 2017-05-02) Daniel, Scott F.; Linder, Eric V.We consider methods for improving the estimation of constraints on a high-dimensional parameter space with a computationally expensive likelihood function. In such cases, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) can take a long time to converge and concentrates on finding the maxima rather than the often-desired confidence contours for accurate error estimation. We employ DALEχ (Direct Analysis of Limits via the Exterior of χ2) for determining confidence contours by minimizing a cost function parametrized to incentivize points in parameter space which are both on the confidence limit and far from previously sampled points. We compare DALEχ to the nested sampling algorithm implemented in MultiNest on a toy likelihood function that is highly non-Gaussian and non-linear in the mapping between parameter values and χ2. We find that in high-dimensional cases DALEχ finds the same confidence limit as Multi-Nest using roughly an order of magnitude fewer evaluations of the likelihood function. DALEχ is open-source and available at https://github.com/danielsf/Dalex.git .Item Open Access ALIGNING CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS(International Scientific and University Conference. "Climate Change and CO2 Emission Reduction" 12-13 July, 2017, 2017) Sokona, YoubaItem Open Access Association of renewable energy of Kazakhstan(International Scientific and University Conference. "Climate Change and CO2 Emission Reduction" 12-13 July, 2017, 2017-07-12) Kashkinbekov, ArmanItem Open Access ASTANA SOLAR LLP. Manufacture of photovoltaic panels in the Republic of Kazakhstan(International Scientific and University Conference. "Climate Change and CO2 Emission Reduction", 2017-07) Kikbayev, AlexanderItem Open Access Atomistic and Kinetic Simulations of Radiation Damage in Molybdenum(2012 MRS Spring Meeting, 2012-04) Rest, J.; Yacout, A. M.; Ye, B.; Yun, D.; Kuksin, A. Y.; Norman, G. E.; Stegailov, V. V.; Yanilkin, A. V.; Insepov, Z.A new Mo potential, developed recently by using an ab initio quantum mechanics theory, was used to study formation and time evolution of radiation defects, such as self-interstitial atoms (SIAs), vacancies, and small clusters of SIAs, using molecular dynamics (MD). MD models were developed for calculation of the diffusion coefficients of vacancies, self-interstitials, and small dislocation loops containing 2 to 37 SIAs; and the rate constants were calculated. Interactions of small SIA loops with SIAs were simulated. The results show that rotation of SIA from one 〈111〉 to another equivalent direction is an important mechanism that significantly contributes to kinetic coefficients.Item Open Access The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Constraining modified gravity(American Physical Society, 2016-12-02) Mueller, Eva-Maria; Percival, Will; Linder, Eric; Alam, Shadab; Zhao, Gong-Bo; Sanchez, Ariel G.; Beutler, FlorianWe use baryon acoustic oscillation and redshift space distortion from the completed Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, corresponding to data release 12 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, combined sample analysis in combination with the cosmic microwave background, supernova and redshift space distortion measurements from additional spectroscopic surveys to test deviations from general relativity. We present constraints on several phenomenological models of modified gravity.Item Metadata only Computer simulation and visualization of supersonic jet for gas cluster equipment(2015-09-21) Ieshkin, A.; Ermakov, Y.; Chernysh, V.; Ivanov, I.; Kryukov, I.; Alekseev, K.; Kargin, N.; Insepov, Z.; A., IeshkinAbstract Supersonic nozzle is a key component of a gas cluster condensation system. We describe a flow visualization system using glow discharge with annular or plane electrodes. The geometric parameters of a supersonic jet under typical conditions used in a gas cluster ion beam accelerator are investigated. As well numerical simulations were performed. Dependence of inlet and ambient pressures and nozzle throat diameter on the shock bottle dimensions is described for different working gases. Influence of condensation rate on shock bottle axial size is discussed.Item Open Access Computer simulation and visualization of supersonic jet for gas cluster equipment(Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2015-09-21) Ermakov, Y.; Chernysh, V.; Ivanov, I.; Ieshkin, A.; Kryukov, I.; Alekseev, K.; Kargin, N.; Insepov, Z.; Ieshkin, A.Abstract Supersonic nozzle is a key component of a gas cluster condensation system. We describe a flow visualization system using glow discharge with annular or plane electrodes. The geometric parameters of a supersonic jet under typical conditions used in a gas cluster ion beam accelerator are investigated. As well numerical simulations were performed. Dependence of inlet and ambient pressures and nozzle throat diameter on the shock bottle dimensions is described for different working gases. Influence of condensation rate on shock bottle axial size is discussed.Item Open Access Constraining dark energy dynamics in extended parameter space(American Physical Society, 2017-07-19) Di Valentino, Eleonora; Melchiorri, Alessandro; Linder, Eric V.; Silk, JosephDynamical dark energy has been recently suggested as a promising and physical way to solve the 3 sigma tension on the value of the Hubble constant H0 between the direct measurement of Riess et al. (2016) (R16, hereafter) and the indirect constraint from cosmic microwave anisotropies obtained by the Planck satellite under the assumption of a ΛCDM model. In this paper, by parametrizing dark energy evolution using the w0−wa approach, and considering a 12 parameter extended scenario, we find that: (a) the tension on the Hubble constant can indeed be solved with dynamical dark energy, (b) a cosmological constant is ruled out at more than 95% c.l. by the Planck+R16 dataset, and (c) all of the standard quintessence and half of the “downward going” dark energy model space (characterized by an equation of state that decreases with time) is also excluded at more than 95% c.l. These results are further confirmed when cosmic shear, CMB lensing, or SN Ia luminosity distance data are also included. The best fit value of the χ2 for the Planck+R16 data set improves by Δχ2=−12.9 when moving to 12 parameters respect to standard ΛCDM. However, tension remains with the BAO dataset. A cosmological constant and small portion of the freezing quintessence models are still in agreement with the Planck+R16+BAO data set at between 68% and 95% c.l. Conversely, for Planck plus a phenomenological H0 prior, both thawing and freezing quintessence models prefer a Hubble constant of less than 70 km/s/Mpc. The general conclusions hold also when considering models with nonzero spatial curvature.Item Open Access Constraining Dark Energy Dynamics in Extended Parameter Space(International conference "ECL17: Exploring the Energetic Universe 2017", Nazarbayev University Energetic Cosmic Laboratory, 2017-04-03) Valentino, Eleonora Di; Melchiorri, Alessandro; Linder, Eric V.; Silk, JosephDynamical dark energy has been recently suggested as a promising and physical way to solve the 3 sigma tension on the value of the Hubble constant H0 between the direct measurement of Riess et al. (2016) (R16, hereafter) and the indirect constraint from Cosmic Microwave Anisotropies obtained by the Planck satellite under the assumption of a CDM model. In this paper, by parameterizing dark energy evolution using the w0-wa approach, and considering a 12 parameter extended scenario, we find that: a) the tension on the Hubble constant can indeed be solved with dynamical dark energy, b) a cosmological constant is ruled out at more than 95% c.l. by the Planck+R16 dataset, and c) all of the standard quintessence and half of the "downward going" dark energy model space (characterized by an equation of state that decreases with time) is also excluded at more than 95% c.l. These results are further confirmed when cosmic shear, CMB lensing, or SN Ia luminosity distance data are also included. However, tension remains with the BAO dataset. A cosmological constant and small portion of the freezing quintessence models are still in agreement with the Planck+R16+BAO dataset at between 68% and 95% c.l. Conversely, for Planck plus a phenomenological H0 prior, both thawing and freezing quintessence models prefer a Hubble constant of less than 70 km/s/Mpc. The general conclusions hold also when considering models with non-zero spatial curvature.Item Open Access Cooperation benefits of Caspian countries in their energy sector development(2014-08-01) De Miglio, Rocco; Akhmetbekov, Yerbol; Baigarin, Kanat; Bakdolotov, Aidyn; Tosato, GianCarlo; Rocco, De MiglioAbstract This paper studies the development possibilities of the energy systems of four Central Asia and Caspian countries. It explores options that improve their domestic energy efficiencies and increase their export of fossil energy commodities. Using the MARKAL-TIMES modelling tool, it represents their energy system with a bottom-up partial economic equilibrium growth model. With the help of scenario analyses, it evaluates the direct economic advantage of improving the domestic energy efficiencies. Furthermore it calculates the direct economic advantage of cooperation. It finds out that a new/different geo-economic attitude brings USD billions of annual economic benefits, particularly if the countries aim to differentiate their export routes, increase the amount of export and contribute to climate change mitigation.Item Metadata only Corrigendum to “Three-dimensional imaging of polymer materials by scanning probe tomography” [Eur. Polym. J. 52 (2014) 154–165](2014-06-01) Alekseev, Alexander; Efimov, Anton; Loos, Joachim; Matsko, Nadejda; Syurik, Julia; Alexander, AlekseevItem Open Access Cosmic Curvature Tested Directly from Observations(NURIS; Energetic Cosmos Laboratory, 2018-02-13) Denissenya, Mikhail; Linder, Eric V.; Shafieloo, ArmanCosmic spatial curvature is a fundamental geometric quantity of the Universe. We investigate a model independent, geometric approach to measure spatial curvature directly from observations,without any derivatives of data. This employs strong lensing time delays and supernova distance measurements to measure the curvature itself, rather than just testing consistency with flatness.We define two curvature estimators, with differing error propagation characteristics, that can cross-check each other, and also show how they can be used to map the curvature in redshift slices, totest constancy of curvature as required by the Robertson-Walker metric. Simulating realizations ofredshift distributions and distance measurements of lenses and sources, we estimate uncertainties onthe curvature enabled by next generation measurements. Theresults indicate that the model independent methods, using only geometry without assuming forms for the energy density constituents,can determine the curvature at the∼6×10^−3 level.Item Open Access Cosmic Growth and Expansion Conjoined(International conference "ECL17: Exploring the Energetic Universe 2017", Nazarbayev University Energetic Cosmic Laboratory, 2016-10-17) Linder, Eric V.Cosmological measurements of both the expansion history and growth history have matured, and the two together provide an important test of general relativity. We consider their joint evolutionary track, showing that this has advantages in distinguishing cosmologies relative to considering them individually or at isolated redshifts. In particular, the joint comparison relaxes the shape degeneracy that makes f 8(z) curves difficult to separate from the overall growth amplitude. The conjoined method further helps visualization of which combinations of redshift ranges provide the clearest discrimination. We examine standard dark energy cosmologies, modified gravity, and “stuttering” growth, each showing distinct signatures.Item Open Access Cosmic growth and expansion conjoined(2017-01-31) Linder, Eric V.; Linder, Eric V.Abstract Cosmological measurements of both the expansion history and growth history have matured, and the two together provide an important test of general relativity. We consider their joint evolutionary track, showing that this has advantages in distinguishing cosmologies relative to considering them individually or at isolated redshifts. In particular, the joint comparison relaxes the shape degeneracy that makes fσ8(z) curves difficult to separate from the overall growth amplitude. The conjoined method further helps visualization of which combinations of redshift ranges provide the clearest discrimination. We examine standard dark energy cosmologies, modified gravity, and “stuttering” growth, each showing distinct signatures.Item Open Access Cosmic Growth Signatures of Modified Gravitational Strength(International conference "ECL17: Exploring the Energetic Universe 2017", Nazarbayev University Energetic Cosmic Laboratory, 2017-03-02) Denissenya, Mikhail; Linder, Eric V.Cosmic growth of large scale structure probes the entire history of cosmic expansion and gravitational coupling. To get a clear picture of the effects of modification of gravity we consider a deviation in the coupling strength (effective Newton’s constant) at different redshifts, with different durations and amplitudes. We derive, analytically and numerically, the impact on the growth rate and growth amplitude. Galaxy redshift surveys can measure a product of these through redshift space distortions and we connect the modified gravity to the observable in a way that may provide a useful parametrization of the ability of future surveys to test gravity. In particular, modifications during the matter dominated era can be treated by a single parameter, the “area” of the modification, to an accuracy of 0.3% in the observables. We project constraints on both early and late time gravity for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument and discuss what is needed for tightening tests of gravity to better than 5% uncertainty.Item Open Access Cosmic Growth Signatures of Modified Gravitational Strength(NURIS; Energetic Cosmos Laboratory, 2018-09-05) Denissenya, Mikhail; Linder, Eric V.Cosmic growth of large scale structure probes the entire history of cosmic expansion and gravitational coupling. To get a clear picture of the effects of modification of gravity we consider a deviation in the coupling strength (effective Newton’s constant) at different redshifts, with different durations and amplitudes. We derive, analytically and numerically, the impact on the growth rate and growth amplitude. Galaxy redshift surveys can measure a product of these through redshift space distortions and we connect the modified gravity to the observable ina way that may provide a useful parametrization of the ability of future surveys to test gravity. In particular, modifications during the matter-dominated era can be treated by a single parameter, the “area” of the modification, to an accuracy of∼0.3% in the observables. We project constraints on both early and late time gravity for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument and discuss what is needed for tightening tests of gravity to better than 5% uncertainty