ANALYSIS OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS AND THEIR ANALOGUES AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATES

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dc.contributor.authorMastoor, Sobia
dc.contributor.authorNazim, Fizza
dc.contributor.authorRizwan-ul-Hasan, Syed
dc.contributor.authorAhmed, Khalid
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Shabnam
dc.contributor.authorNawazish Ali, Syed
dc.contributor.authorAbidi, Syed Hani
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-27T07:39:11Z
dc.date.available2023-06-27T07:39:11Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most frequent causes of biofilm-associated infections. With the emergence of antibiotic-resistant, especially methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA), there is an urgent need to discover novel inhibitory compounds against this clinically important pathogen. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of 11 compounds, including phenyl propenes and phenolic aldehydes, eugenol, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, salicylaldehyde, vanillin, cinnamoyl acid, and aldehydes, against drug-resistant S. aureus isolates. (2) Methods: Thirty-two clinical S. aureus isolates were obtained from Alkhidmat Diagnostic Center and Blood Bank, Karachi, Pakistan, and screened for biofilm-forming potential, and susceptibility/resistance against ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, amikacin, cephalothin, clindamycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Subsequently, 5 representative clinical isolates were selected and used to test the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potential of 11 compounds using both qualitative and quantitative assays, followed by qPCR analysis to examine the differences in the expression levels of biofilm-forming genes (ica-A, fnb-B, clf-A and cna) in treated (with natural compounds and their derivatives) and untreated isolates. (3) Results: All isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant and dominant biofilm formers. The individual Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of natural compounds and their analogues ranged from 0.75–160 mg/mL. Furthermore, the compounds, Salicylaldehyde (SALI), Vanillin (VAN), -methyl-trans-cinnamaldehyde (A-MT), and trans-4-nitrocinnamic acid (T4N) exhibited significant (15–92%) biofilm inhibition/reduction percentage capacity at the concentration of 1–10 mg/mL. Gene expression analysis showed that salicylaldehyde, -methyl-trans-cinnamaldehyde, and -bromotrans- cinnamaldehyde resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) downregulation of the expression of ica-A, clf -A, and fnb-A genes compared to the untreated resistant isolate. (4) Conclusions: The natural compounds and their analogues used in this study exhibited significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against S. aureus. Biofilms persist as the main concern in clinical settings. These compounds may serve as potential candidate drug molecules against biofilm forming S. aureus.en_US
dc.identifier.citationMastoor, S., Nazim, F., Rizwan-Ul-Hasan, S., Ahmed, K., Khan, S., Ali, S. N., & Abidi, S. S. R. (2022). Analysis of the Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Natural Compounds and Their Analogues against Staphylococcus aureus Isolates. Molecules, 27(20), 6874. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206874en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/7262
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMoleculesen_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/*
dc.subjectType of access: Open Accessen_US
dc.subjectStaphylococcus aureusen_US
dc.subjectnatural compoundsen_US
dc.subjectanti-biofilmen_US
dc.subjectantimicrobialen_US
dc.subjectgene expressionen_US
dc.titleANALYSIS OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS AND THEIR ANALOGUES AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATESen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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